Set in a small town south of the Yangtze River in the early 20th century, Tang Family Courtyard follows the rise and turmoil of the Tang family, renowned for their exquisite spice business. Their signature product, "Fragrance Condensation," is prized by high society for its lasting scent and beauty-enhancing qualities. Through generations of honest business, the Tangs grow wealthy and respected.

However, the family's legacy is threatened by internal strife. Tang Shaoqing, the only son, becomes estranged from his wife, Xu Zhilan, and falls in love with Han Yan, a courtesan, with whom he has a son. Fearing scandal, the Tang matriarch refuses to accept Han Yan and the child, sparking conflict that puts tradition, reputation, and family loyalty to the test.